السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
Last topic we said verbs are marked with 7 different categories. Now I will tell you which categories we will discuss these days. We will discuss tenses, persons, numbers, and genders for sure now and in the near days inshallah. We
may discuss voices in the near days. We
may or may not discuss moods in the near future (but we will definitely discuss the imperative mood). We will
most likely not discuss forms EVER (that's because I find them very complicated and hard, lol). (*NOTE: Just because I won't discuss some things doesn't mean that you can't research it yourself, if you really want to know.*)
We will talk about form I verbs, because they are the normal verbs (for me, lol). But forms are out of the picture so I will pretend as if they don't even exist. First of all, in verb conjugation, verbs are divided into 2 categories, sound and weak, which in turn are divided into three categories each. Sound verbs are divided into simple sound verbs, hamzated verbs, and doubled root verbs. Weak verbs are divided into hollow, defective, and assimilated verbs. In this topic, we will discuss simple sound verbs only and conjugate them into all tenses, persons, and numbers.
Simple sound verbs are those verbs that have 3 letters without any "weak" letters, which are ا،و،ي. They are verbs like كَتَبَ (to write) and فَتَحَ (to open).
First we will conjugate a verb in the past tense. We will choose the verb كَتَبَ (to write). كَتَبَ is actually the singular past tense third person masculine form of the verb and literally means "he wrote" instead of "to write." In the Arabic dictionary, verbs are represented by the singular past tense third person masculine form. So in the past tense, letters are added to the END of the verb (suffix), when conjugating. We do not look at the beginning of the verb AT ALL in past tense.
Let us start conjugating:
Third person singularكَتَبَ: He wrote
كَتَبَتْ: She wrote
Third person dualكَتَبَا: They (m.) wrote
كَتَبَتَا: They (f.) wrote
Third person pluralكَتَبُوا: They (m.) wrote
كَتَبْنَ: They (f.) wrote
Second person singularكَتَبْتَ: You (m.) wrote
كَتَبْتِ: You (f.) wrote
Second person dualكَتَبْتُمَا: You (m. or f.) wrote
Second person pluralكَتَبْتُمْ: You (m.) wrote
كَتَبْتُنَّ: You (f.) wrote
First person singularكَتَبْتُ: I wrote
First person dual and pluralكَتَبْنَا: We wrote
So now we are done with the past tense. We will move on to the present tense. In the present tense, you add a letter to the BEGINNING of the verb (prefix) and sometimes you also add letters to the end of the verb (suffix). Lets conjugate:
Third person singularيَكْتُبُ: He writes
تَكْتُبُ: She writes
Third person dualيَكْتُبَانِ: They (m.) write
تَكْتُبَانِ: They (f.) write
Third person pluralيَكْتُبُوْنَ: They (m.) write
يَكْتُبْنَ: They (f.) write
Second person singularتَكْتُبُ: You (m.) write
تَكْتُبِيْنَ: You (f.) write
Second person dualتَكْتُبَانِ: You (m. or f.) write
Second person pluralتَكْتُبُوْنَ: You (m.) write
تَكْتُبْنَ: You (f.) write
First person singularاَكْتُبُ: I write
First person dual and pluralنَكْتُبُ: We write
Now we are done with the present tense. We will move on to future tense. The future tense is easy, just take the appropriate present tense verb and add a سَ or the word سَوْفَ before it. Let us start:
Third person singular سَيَكْتُبُ : He will write
سَتَكْتُبُ :She will write
Third person dualسَيَكْتُبَانِ: They (m.) will write
سَتَكْتُبَانِ: They (f.) will write
Third person pluralسَيَكْتُبُوْنَ: They (m.) will write
سَيَكْتُبْنَ: They (f.) will write
Second person singularسَتَكْتُبُ: You (m.) will write
سَتَكْتُبِيْنَ: You (f.) will write
Second person dualسَتَكْتُبَانِ: You (m. or f.) will write
Second person pluralسَتَكْتُبُوْنَ: You (m.) will write
سَتَكْتُبْنَ: You (f.) will write
First person singularسَاَكْتُبُ: I will write
First person dual and pluralسَنَكْتُبُ: We will write
Now we are done with all tenses.
Let me give you a trick to remember the second person of the past tense. Just use the word اَنْتَ (you m.) as the model.
- اَنْتَ كَتَبْتَ (you [m.] write)
- اَنْتِ كَتَبْتِ (you [f.] write)
- اَنْتُمَا كَتَبْتُمَا (you [m. or f. dual] write)
- اَنْتُمْ كَتَبْتُمْ (you [m. plural] write)
- اَنْتُنَّ كَتَبْتُنَّ (you [f. plural] write)
Now I shall tell you a trick for the present tense. For the present tense you only use the letters ا،ن،ي،ت as prefixes. ا is only for first person singular (I), ن is only for first person plural (We), ت is for all of second person, and ي is for all of third person (except for the feminine singular and dual, which uses ت instead of ي).
So I shall end this topic now.
Bye.
