Answering Christianity Research Center

She said: ‘O Allah’s Messenger! Indeed Allah says in His book,

although revelations were sent down throughout 23 years span. it is clear that those revelations although sent down progressively had already been referred as book.

It is He Who has sent down the book (the Qur'an) to you (O Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) with truth, confirming what came before it. And He sent down the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)(3:3)

The revelation of this book (the Qur'an) is from Allah, the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.  (39:1)

Father, (some use Mother), Son are terms used by Israelites simply to indicate their beloved relationship to God. The Jews believed in One God, however there are some depending on which era,, that have disbeleived and took Ezra as Son of God. And Paul a Jew repeating the same disbelieve and took Jesus as Son of God.
Obviously the two Son of God figures must have done miracles comparable to God. So it was easy for the disgraced one to convince them to disbelieve.
 
The same happened to early generations of Adam (a.s) descendants, they end up from believing to disbelieving One God. Either they forgot or they no longer fear God for God do not grant what they wish, thus they seek thru other means (idols) for miracles. Again the disgraced one must have answered their needs thus convincing them to disbelieve.

Why did God agree to the term requested by fallen disgraced one in the past. Certainly, it can only be one reason which is to be a test for mankind.

the content of Shamoun's essay is about confusion that Gabriel a.s description being equal to Creator. If we look at what he wrote, basically he just took words that is similar to words found in titles/attributes of the Creator. An try to locate those words being used to other entity, so that later other entity (e.g Gabriel a.s, Muhammad s.aw) can be regarded as equal to God/Creator.

Obviously, such way of reading a scripture may be the exact same root of confusion that exist in the past for Paul and his Roman Christians followers when reading Nasorean scriptures. Upon stumbling terms like God's Word, God's Spirit, My Spirit, We, Our.. they came into conclusion that God have partners and the partners are equal in union.
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if we look at passages about Gabriel in verse 81:19-20 (using Hilali Khan translation). (for other translations visit http://beta.quran.com/en/81/19-20)
 ...a most honourable messenger (Gabril), owner of power (and high rank) with (Allah) Lord of the Throne..

Gabriel was just a messenger, and he is near to God meaning Gabriel directly take instruction from Lord of the Throne.
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quoted from W. Montgomery Watt & M.V. McDonald (history of Al-Tabari).
About story of prophet for the first time seeing a vision in between heaven and earth  presuming it was God;

if we look at what did the prophet witness, a throne between heaven and earth. But revelations from the story of night ascension and hadith describes throne of God as above earth and heaven and encompass everything just to show that God's might surpasses those who posses throne whether in earth or those who poses throne in heaven.
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About life giver. The Creator has granted the ability to Gabriel@Holy Spirit to give life. That is the reason why Jesus (a.s) was strengthened by Gabriel@Holy Spirit inside his body. Imagine Jesus was without the aid of Gabriel/Holy Spirit,  would Jesus be able to do miracles like bringing the dead to life.

Certainly Jesus could not do it, as he was just a human. From baby he needs to feed and sleep to grow into adulthood. And he needs to be saved and be brought to heaven for fear he would continue to grow old or might be killed by enemies.

the law of taking captive of wars as belongings of a master have existed in covenants prior to Islam.

modern practise for many slaves/captive of wars, they are kept in slavery camps.
while the practise in the past as described in Quran+Hadith was that slaves/captive of wars would be part of household members.

They need to be given clothes, food as well. Thus such lawful sexual relation is tied by status of a master and his female slave.

author of John obviously believed in the doctrine of either divine subordinationism of the son , or docrtrine of equal trinitism of the son. As can be seen in first verse John 1:1 as written by the author. So if the author believed in the son being equal in authority to Yhwh, thus it is no issue for the author to say Jesus will be the one to send the advocate , and not Yhwh. As both have equal authority (from the point of view of author).

there are many translation for Isaiah 29:12
 And the book is delivered to him that is not learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I am not learned.

verse 29:10-12 talks about vision even the most learned people will not be able to read the book, and the unlearned will obviously not able to read it.

this particular book will be able to be understood in later times, and the Israelites shall rejoice upon the time when it reaches them.
Problem with Israelite, is that will they accept the decree of God of Israel in the book

http://beta.quran.com/10/90-93

And We took the Children of Israel across the sea, and Pharaoh and his soldiers pursued them in tyranny and enmity until, when drowning overtook him, he said, "I believe that there is no deity except that in whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am of the Muslims." (10:90)

So today We will save you in body that you may be to those who succeed you a sign. And indeed, many among the people, of Our signs, are heedless (10:92)

his body was drowned in sea, and for his body to be sign for future generation; his body shall remain intact and not harm by animals of the sea or bacteria decomposing body. till the period body got extracted to land.

your christian showed you those verse (Daniel 9:24-27) and said look bible prophesied about jesus death.

but you can tell him that hebrew root karath/cut off doesnt necessarily means kill. It can some times refer to cutting ties from being part of Children of Israel.

so if we look at the verse again , the anointed one will be cut off from Israel and will exist no longer from Israel

which makes perfect sense where he will not be preaching covenant to Israel anymore after the decreed period of 70 'seven years' is reached and he will exist no longer for israel(vanish/disapear).

if the Christians still insists to use literal meaning of kill, then the Messiah was killed and vanished. Again, it has nothing to do with waking up after 3 days and stay on earth for 40 days before vanishing himself.