Answering Christianity Research Center

As-Salamu aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

I was thinking that it will be a good idea to create a topic in which everyone can put some links to useful books which might help our Muslim brothers and sisters in their study on Islam and debates with Christians and Jews alike. For this occasion, I would like to share with you some nice books which will insha'Allah help you increase your knowledge about the history of Islam, Quranic preservation, its miracles. In order to help our Muslim brothers and sister who defends Islam, I will put also here some interesting and rare books written by Christian scholars and historians about the Bible, Church history etc.

For easier searching of particular book, I will mark every added section by its own color (i.e. GREEN COLOR topics dealing only with Quran, Islam, Muhammad pbuh etc., BLUE COLOR topics dealing only with Bible, Christianity, Jesus etc. RED COLOR general topics dealing with comparative religion)


ISLAMIC TOPICS:

Book #1 (English)
Title of the book: Variant of readings of the Quran: a critical study of their historical and linguistic origins
Author: Ahmad Ali al-Imam

This fascinating and important book attempts to investigate the nature of the seven Ahruf in which the Qur’an has been revealed and the reason for the variations in readings among the Qurraa of the Quran. It studies, examines, and discusses: the revelation of the Qur’an in the seven ahruf concluding that they represent seven linguistical ways of recitation; the compilation of the Quran during the lifetime of the Prophet and the preservation of the Quran in the memories of the Companions as well as in written form, the compilation during the time of Abu Bakr, and the further compilation during the time of Uthman; the problem of naskh to demonstrate the completeness and trustworthiness of the Quran and that no verses are missing or were read and abrogated by naskh al-tilawah either with or without hukm; the Uthmanic masahif and their relation to the seven ahruf; the language of the Quran and whether it includes one, several, or all the dialects of the Arabs; the origin of the qiraat and conditions governing accepted readings; and ikhtiyar (i.e., the selection of one reading rather than another) and the rules governing the Qurraa’ who selected a reading.

Link: https://archive.org/details/VARIANTREADINGSOFTHEQURANACRITICALSTUDYOFTHEIRHISTORICALANDLINGUISTICORIGINS

Book #2 (English)
Title of the book: Introduction to the principles of Tafsir
Author: Sheikh ul'Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, Muhammad Bin Salih Al-Uthaymin, translated by Ahsan Hanif

This book is one of the many written on the topic of Quranic tafseer. In it, the renowned author Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah outlines the principles employed by the scholars in understanding the verses of the Qur’an. What makes this book unique is the fact that it is combined with Shaykh Ibn Uthayman’s detailed explanation of the original text. So, the reader benefits from both the original work and the detailed explanation of the work, all in an easy to follow, smooth, accessible format.

Link: https://archive.org/details/IntroductionToThePrinciplesOfTafsirByIbnTaymiyyah

Book #3 (English)
Title of the book: The Quran and the orientalists
Author: Muhammad Mohar Ali

The present work gives in a compact and integrated form the main orientalist assumptions and theories about the Qur’an and examines them critically. The treatment is not what some of the orientalists are prone to call “apologetic”. The Author has met them on their own grounds and have taken up their arguments and statements one by one, pointing out their faults, inconsistencies and untenability, dealing with each and every one and examining them with the facts and logic. It has been demonstrated how and where they have erred and drawn wrong conclusions. It has also been shown that in advancing their theories and assumptions they have in almost all cases distorted and misinterpreted the texts and the facts, often resorting to biased shaping of the latter and a good deal of arbitrary assumptions and surmises. The treatment is clear, concise, to the point, logical, and effective. The Qur’an and the Orientalists takes in to account the views and assumptions advanced about the Qur’an by the dozens of the orientalists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries like William Muir, Theodor Noldeke, David Margoliouth, Arthur Jeffery, Richard Bell, Montgomery Watt, and others. These views are analyzed and discussed in three broad parts. In the first part are discussed those that constitute a direct allegation of the Prophet’s authorship of the Qur’an, particularly, his alleged borrowing from Judaeo-Christian sources, the question of his literacy and the alleged environmental influence on him in general. In the second part are dealt with those that revolve around the question of the Qur’anic wahy (revelation) and are aimed at showing that the Qur’anic revelation proceeded in some form or other from the mind and personality of the Prophet, thus supplementing the allegation of his authorship. In the third part it is discussed those that relate to the history and text of the Qur’an, particularly Noldeke’s theory about the history of the text of the Qur’an, Arthur Jeffery’s “Materials” for the history of the text of the Qur’an, the Bell-Watt theory of revision of the text of the Qur’an, the fiction of the foreign vocabulary of the Qur’an, J.A. Bellamy’s supposed copyist’s errors and proposed emendations of the Qur’an and the like, together with a survey of the orientalists’ translations of the Qur’an.

Link: https://archive.org/details/TheQuranAndTheOrientalists

Book #4 (English)
Title of the book: The History of The Qur'ānic Text: From Revelation to Compilation
Author: Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami

The Qur'an reigns supreme in Muslim hearts as the most sacred of texts: a profusion of exalted ideas to rouse the mind, noble histories to stir the soul, universal truths to awaken the conscience and precise injunctions directing humanity to its own deliverance, all distilled into the melodious essence that is the Word of Allah. Through fourteen centuries Muslims have persevered in championing the text against corruption, memorising its every word and contemplating its every phrase, so that in our own times untold millions have enthusiastially committed each letter to heart. Beginning with a catalogue of ancient and contemporary attacks on the Qur'an, this expansive book provides unique insights into the holy text's immaculate preservation throughout its history, as well as exploring many of the accusations levelled against it. The reception of divine revelations, Prophet Muhammad's role in teaching and disseminating these verses, the text's compilation under his guidance and the setting of its final external shape shortly after his death, are meticulously and scientifically examinded alongside such topics as the origins of Arabic, its palaeography and orthography, the so-called Mushaf of Ibn Mas'ud, and the strict methodology employed in assembling textual fragments. By way of comparison the author investigates the histories of the Old and New Testaments, relying entirely on Judaeo-Christian sources including the Dead Sea Scrolls and uncovers a startling range of alterations that touch almost every fact of the Biblical Scriptures. Using this as a springboard for assessing Western theories regarding the Qur'an, he makes a sophisticated yet passionate case for questioning the aims of Western scholarship in continuously undermining Islam's holy book, and illustrates convincingly that such research, motivated by more than mere curiousity, has no scientific bearing on the Qur'an's integrity.

Link: https://archive.org/details/TheHistoryOfTheQuranicTextFromRevelationToCompilationByShaykh

Book #5 (English)
Title of the book: The Perfect Guide to the Sciences of the Qurān, Tom 1
Author: Imam Jalal-al-Din Abd al-Rahman al-Suyuti, translated by Professor Hamid Algar, Dr. Michael Schub and Mr. Ayman Abdel Haleem

Imam Jalal-al-Din `Abd al-Rahman al-Suyuti (849--911 AH / 1445--1505 AD) was born, lived and was buried in Cairo. The ascription `al-Suyuti' is a reference to Asyut, a town in Upper Egypt from which his family hailed. Known as the `son of books' from the numerous books he studied and referred to in his works, he could equally be called the `father of books' because of the many books he produced

From his early years, al-Suyuti devoted his life to learning, reading, writing and teaching, holding notable positions in those fields in the city of Cairo at a time when it was the centre of Islamic learning par excellence. He was an outstanding scholar, second to none in the field, of Quranic Sciences (`Ulum al-Qur'an), in which he produced many well-known works. However, being the all-round scholar that he was, his contributions covered almost all the fields of Arabic, the Qur'an, the Traditions (hadith) and History. His works were of such superb quality that they earned him the respect of his generation and the generations that followed to the present day. Most important of these in the field of Quranic Sciences was his al-Itqan. The work found its way to many circles both near and far in the Islamic world. It was first published in the years 1271, 1278, 1279, 1306, 1317 and 1318 AH, in two volumes, but the translation presented here is of a publication of four volumes published in 1987 AD (1967 AD). The translation at hand is of the first volume. Al-Itqan is perhaps the most outstanding work of its kind in the field of Quranic Sciences. Exhaustive in its sources and its subjects, thoughtfully and lucidly written, the work is also well arranged. Readers will be taken by the depth, breadth, scope and mastery of the author while noting how much Muslim scholars have devoted to the study of the Qur'an and how varied and diverse were the fields in which those studies were made. A must to the specialist of Quranic Studies, the work is highly recommended to the initiate

Link: https://archive.org/details/PerfectGuideToTheSciencesOfTheQuranByImamAlSuyuti

The original work of Jalal-al-Din al-Suyuti
Title of the book: al-Itiqan fi ulum al-Quran

Link: https://archive.org/details/alitiqanfiulumal00unse


Book #6 (English)
Title of the book: The Qur'an in its Historical Context (Routledge Studies in the Qur'an)
Author: edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds

Providing commentary on the controversial revisionist school of Qur’anic studies, this book explores the origins, scholarship and development of the Qur'an. The collection of articles, each written by a distinguished author, treat very familiar passages of the Qur’an in an original manner, combining thorough philology, historical anthropology, and cultural history. This book addresses in a critical fashion the hottest issues in recent works on the Quran. Among other things, the contributors analyze the controversial theories of Luxenberg regarding Syriac and the Quran, and in particular his argument that the term Hur refers not to virgins but to grapes.

Link: https://archive.org/details/QuranInItsHistoricalContext.Ed.ByG.S.Reynolds

Second part of the book
Title of the book: New Perspectives on the Qur'an: The Qur'an in its Historical Context 2 (Routledge Studies in the Qur'an)
Author: edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds

Link: https://archive.org/details/TheQuranInItsHistoricalContext

I will add insha'Allah other books.

Take care, and salam
Ahmed (Poland, Warsaw)

As-Salamu aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

Is anybody familiar with Lisan al-Arab in this forum ? Maybe brother Osama ? I 'am looking for a particular fragment which was translated in English as follows:

"Ya’qub says, ‘Bakkah is what is situated in between the two mountains of Makkah, because the people crushed one another during the circumambulation or overcrowded there. (…). It is said that Bakkah is the name of the interior of Makkah and it was given this name due to the crowding and swarming of the people. The tradition of Mujahid states, ‘Bakkah is among the names of Makkah.’ And it is said, ‘Bakkah is the site of the House of the Lord, and Makkah is the whole of the city.’ It is also said, ‘Both [Makkah and Bakkah] are the names of the city; and [the alphabetical letters] “B” and “M” succeed (can replace) one another."

The author that quoted this fragment refers to Lisan al-‘Arab, Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1955-1956 (15 volumes), vol. 10, p. 402. 

But, I 'am specifically using an older edition of Lisan al-Arab from 1883 (20 volumes) which is available here:

Link: https://archive.org/details/lisanalarab01ibnmuoft
Link: https://archive.org/search.php?query=Lisan%20al-Arab

I’ve tried to find this passage, but I could not, it seems the way searching in Lisan al-Arab differ from a typical arabic dictionaries.
Can someone help to identify this fragment and tell me which volume, which page ? Jazakum Allahu khayran

Take care, and salam
Ahmed (Poland, Warsaw)

As-Salamu aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

Dear brother Abdullah Almadi, I got an idea, you should watch this video and experience the perfect linguistic structure and harmony of the Quran:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-ULa2JzPG0

The following video shows an incredible mathematical miracle that you will never find in the Bible:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhxwyvoLMUA

Allah has promised that He will protect the Quran, and He will preserve it. If it would miss even one single letter, the whole of those mathematical calculations could not be performed! For me it is a powerfull evidence that the Quran didn't change through the centuries and is perfectly preserved.

Take care, and salam
Ahmed (Polnad, Warsaw)

As-Salamu aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

here is my post which shows in details a controversial differences in text between the two photos of Isaiah scroll.

NOTE: Lines of reference points have been marked as "RP1" and "RP2" [they are not to be confused with the regular or standard lines, which are related only to the text]. Those lines of reference role-play here an essential factors and will prove to be very important in the following analysis, since they will allow us [by following the hashtag] to observe the curvature of the text on both photos.
The photos have been very carefully captured [their size is almost identical and covers the same space]. Instead of scrolling up and down I suggest to download or simply copy the photos and [while browsing them on your PC screen] change one picture with the other, since it is the fastest and the most convenient way of comparing the details.

Isaiah 41:23-41:29
Column XXXV, lines 1-9

Photo from DSS website [inversion color]



link: http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/isaiah

Black & White photo from Dr. Miller's website [inversion color]



link: http://www.ao.net/~fmoeller/qum35.jpg


Observation 1

a) Line 1: Notice the difference in writing between the letter ל (lamed) and the 5th word אלוהים (elohim). Compare it on both photos. In the black and white photo ל (lamed) has a curved head, while the same ל (lamed) from Digital DSS website has a straight head. The differences are underlined in green.

b) Line 1: Notice a small point of the ink above the final-form ם (mem) in the 5th word אלוהים (elohim). In the black and white photo there is no trace of any point or dot of ink. I have indicated it by a yellow cloud in the photo from DSS website.

c) Line RP #1 and RP #2: Notice these two dashed lines in red and observe how the text goes in both photos. You can clearly see that the text in the photo from DSS website goes straight ahead, while the text from the black and white photo [in Dr. Miller’s website] runs awry, in result the dashed lines RP #1 and RP #2 overlap through the text.

Observation 2

Line 3: Notice how the third letter is written together with fourth letter of the last word ויבואו (veyabo’au). In the black and white photo ו (waw) from the same word is different, since is not glued with ב (bet) and it appears to be a separate element. The differences are underlined in green.

Observation 3

a) Line 4: Notice the difference in writing between the letter ד (dalet) in the ninth word הגיד (higid). Compare it on both photos. Its tail has a different shapes. Underlined in green.

b) Line RP #3: Notice this dashed line in red and observe how the text goes on both photos. You can see the similar case as in line RP #1 and RP # 2, i.e. the text from DSS website goes straight ahead, while the text from the black and white photo runs awry.

Observation 4

a) Line 5: Notice the distance between the point of ink and מ (mem) [i.e. the first letter from the first word מלפנים]. Compare this distance in the same line from the black and white photo. You can see that the distances from both photos are not the same [marked in an area with blue outline]

b) Line 5: Compare ד (dalet) and ע (ayn) from the word שומע (shome’a). The differences are underlined in green.

c) Line RP #4 and RP #5: Notice these two dashed lines in red and observe the location of the word אמריכםה (amerikemah)* [line 6, first word] inside of these two previously mentioned lines. Notice that both red lines in both photos are marked in accordance to the same particular points of the same particular letters. RP #4 is set down according to ן (nun) i.e. the lowest point of the word אין (ein) located in line 5, fifth word. RP #5 is set down according to ל (lamed) i.e. the highest point of the word ומאלה (ume’elleh), located in line 6, the last word. You will see that the word אמריכםה (amerikemah) in the photo from DSS website is out of it’s position, passing through the dashed red line RP #5.

* put this Hebrew word in Google translator and see the result (but do not take it seriously, perhaps it is some kind of joke)

Observation 5

a) Line 9: Notice the distance between the word ותוהו (vatohu) [the first word] and the word יואמר (yo’amar) in the same line, from the previous Column. Compare this distance from both photos. The distances are not the same [marked in an area with blue outline].

b) Line 9: Notice the fragment of (lamed) In the photo from DSS website, lamed passes through the line RP #7, while lamed from the black and white photo do not even touch this red dashed line [marked in an area with blue outline].

Conclusion ?

The text from both photos is not the same (despite the fact that is written very similar, but as you have seen still not identical). Let me share with you now something interesting. Yesterday I had an email conversation with Dr. Miller, and when I showed to him some examples of strange alterations, he has answered me the following:

“There are many problems with the DSS differences in different publications of the scrolls that are never answered!. Neil Altman of Philadelphia is the true expert on this subject. No email, but has a listed phone, also see my page on differences etc. here http://www.moellerhaus.com/Controversy/Controversy.htm”   Dr. Fred P. Miller

I was surprised that he knew about it and admits that indeed there are many problematic differences between various publications of DSS in general (not only Isaiah scroll !). Respect for that Christian scholar!

Take care, and Salam
Ahmed (Poland, Warsaw)

As-Salamu Aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

I would like to add some important information as to the possible objections to my comparative analysis on two photos posted here:

Firstly, one can’t argue that the scroll from the black & white photo - that available in Dr. Miller’s website - perhaps was slightly undulant or wavy, and later on was straightened by curators of Museum, so that it would supposedly explain why the text from DSS photo is running straight ahead. The big problem lies in the distance between a small dot and ב (bet) located in line 5. If the scroll was indeed wavy - i.e. before IAA has published 1QIsa^a in their website - then naturally this small dot would appear on farther from ב (bet) after its straightening. Paradoxically in the photo from DSS website this small dot instead of being farther is even closer to ב (bet).

Secondly, the material of the scroll is made from animal skin, and it is “incredibly delicate” [as it was claimed by Professor Ulrich]. It would be all the more amazing to think that this leather was straightened - or even capable to be straightened in any way - since each single touch could cause a damages to such a delicate, fragile material.

The conclusion is then inevitable: the text from Column XXXV was re-written (possibly on two different leathers). There are many places in which the edge shapes of the scroll is not identical in both photos [those published by Dr. Miller and those digital by IAA]. Also, I didn’t mentioned that Professor Eugene Ulrich has totally ignored my comparative analysis on two different photos [see my post here] and started to talk about some Chinese symbols in the scroll which was refuted by their scholars. Since he is a Jewish scholar (Eugene is a Hebrew name) he will probably do his best in order to defend the authenticity of Isaiah scroll, as opposed to Dr. Fred Miller (a Christian scholar) who openly admitted that there are many problems with the DSS differences in different publications of the scrolls that are never answered! For me, it is sufficiently enough that while this Jewish scholar was answering on me questions, he get mixed up and lost the thread at a certain moment, most likely was not fully aware about what he just said to me (I don’t know how and why).

Take care, and Salam
Ahmed (Poland, Warsaw)

is it still not allowed to build mosques in there ?

I'm sorry I did not answered on your last question.
Well, at this moment there are three mosques in Warsaw, one of them newly builded in 2015. Generally, Polish people voted – perhaps in the last Referendum - to not allowing build any mosque, but according to some informations from 01.10.2015 there will be a new mosque investigated by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Society.

As-Salamu Aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

In regards to my last post about my conversation with Professor Eugene Ulrich

- of course IAA (Israeli Antiquities Authority) exists for less than 68 years, and one could not say that they has kept Isaiah Scroll for over 500 years, but I was really wondering why this scholar tried to correct me in his reply that "IAA kept 1QIsaa 500+ years." if he already acknowledges that I've said "over 50 years" ?? Did he actually read what I've said ? Surely did. Maybe he was a little bit confuzzle, but on the other hand it is possible that he accidentally gives us a hint, i.e. it was not necessarily IAA who kept Isaiah scroll for so long, but e.g. some group of earlier Jews lived in the Middle Age. I swear that this scroll is involved with a big intrigue, and I hope Allah will expose them someday, so the people will know the truth.

I have found a nice book for free in which you might find interesting informations about the Dead Sea Scrolls:

Link: https://archive.org/details/TheDeadSeaScrollsDeception

Take care, and Salam
Ahmed (Poland, Warsaw)

As-Salamu Aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

Brothers, this topic is going to be really hot !

On Monday, February 28, 2016 I had an email conversation with Professor Eugene Ulrich, a leading Hebrew scholar of Theology, and a well-known Qumran researcher at the University of Notre Dame:

Link: http://theology.nd.edu/people/emeritus-faculty/eugene-ulrich/

Most probably a Jew from Germany or Belgium.

Anyway, listen very carrefuly to this

I’ve asked him: “Why the Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) have kept Isaiah scroll for over 50 years ?”

He answered: “It sounds like you have read some unreliable books. The IAA has kept 1QIsa-a for 500+ years legitimately.” !!!

I was amazed after this response, and then in my curiosity I’ve asked him:

“The scroll 1QIsa-a was kept for over 500 years ?? From where you have taken this information ? What a minute, how 1QIsa-a was discovered in 1947 when it already have been kept by IAA from the Middle Age period (500+ years ago) ? I do not understand. Why the Jews then claims that 1QIsa-a was founded in 1947, and that was hidden in the Judean caves for over 2000 years ? I ’am really confused now. Can you explain it to me Sir ?”

And now guess what he said ? In his last message from Saturday, March 12, 2016 he answered: “That was a typo; it was 50+ years”
 
What ? A typo ? Or perhaps you want to tells us something ? Notice what he said in his last reply: “…it was 50+ years”

Well, that's what exactly I’ve said in my previous email, when I was asking him: “Why the Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) have kept Isaiah scroll for over 50 years ?”

But, then as if he felt some oppurtunity to correct me in his reply by saying:

“It sounds like you have read some unreliable books. The IAA has kept 1QIsa-a for 500+ years legitimately.”

After that, as you remember I’ve asked him: “The scroll 1QIsa-a was kept for over 500 years ?? From where you have taken this information ?....”

OK, and now he says that “it was a typo” …and that he correctly meant 50+ years ? Hello, we have just returned to the exit point!
Just think. When someone attempts to hide the truth, his psychological reaction sometimes plays tricks that are out of his will, I mean.. human could admit the truth with his own tongue (either by saying or writing), even if he carefully keeping the truth. Allah knows our nature better than we ourselves!

Therefore, his last answer "That was a typo; it was 50+ years” I personally consider as a "masking behavior" through which he was trying to correct and hide his accidentally admitted truth. I’m afraid it’s too late Professor. And, that what has happened to this scholar, i.e. he inadvertently have revealed the true account of Isaiah Scroll story [he accidentally admitted the truth and then he was trying to correct his mistake by saying that it was only a typo during writing].

Now you will understand why, since such number of years will make sense when you recall Dr. Miller’s statement that in Isaiah Scroll there are:

“many editorial markings (added after the scroll was enscribed) and altered letters, a numerals, and masoretic punctuation, and masoretic vowel marks and red ink marks that are controversial because they are anachronistic, if a date of storing the scroll is given as corresponding with the end of the Essene community to whom they originally belonged. Most of these markings are more consistent with the Middle Ages than with the Macabbean or Hasmonean period to which the scrolls have been ascribed.”

Link: http://www.moellerhaus.com/Controversy/Controversy.htm

This would explain the character and origin of some markings invented to the Isaiah Scroll. They manipulated the Scroll several times during last 500 years ! Allah is the Witness and He knows best. I would like also to quote some interesting historical evidence about the corruptions of the Vatican Church. The reason of that is because according to many scholars the Israeli government have plotted with the Vatican Church when DSS were found, and it seems they have some business together.

The "Expurgatory Index"

As was the case with the New Testament, so also were damaging writings of early "Church Fathers" modified in centuries of copying, and many of their records were intentionally rewritten or suppressed. Adopting the decrees of the Council of Trent (1545–63), the Church subsequently extended the process of erasure and ordered the preparation of a special list of specific information to be expunged from early Christian writings (Delineation of Roman Catholicism, Rev. Charles Elliott, DD, G. Lane & P. P. Sandford, New York, 1842, p. 89; also, The Vatican Censors, Professor Peter Elmsley, Oxford, p. 327, pub. date n/a). In 1562, the Vatican established a special censoring office called Index Expurgatorius. Its purpose was to prohibit publication of "erroneous passages of the early Church Fathers" that carried statements opposing modern-day doctrine. When Vatican archivists came across "genuine copies of the Fathers, they corrected them according to the Expurgatory Index" (Index Expurgatorius Vaticanus, R. Gibbings, ed., Dublin, 1837; The Literary Policy of the Church of Rome, Joseph Mendham, J. Duncan, London, 1830, 2nd ed., 1840; The Vatican Censors, op. cit., p. 328). This Church record provides researchers with "grave doubts about the value of all patristic writings released to the public" (The Propaganda Press of Rome , Sir James W. L. Claxton, Whitehaven Books, London, 1942, p. 182). Important for our story is the fact that the Encyclopaedia Biblica reveals that around 1,200 years of Christian history are unknown: "Unfortunately, only few of the records [of the Church] prior to the year 1198 have been released". It was not by chance that, in that same year (1198), Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) suppressed all records of earlier Church history by establishing the Secret Archives (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. xv, p. 287). Some seven-and-a-half centuries later, and after spending some years in those Archives, Professor Edmond S. Bordeaux wrote How The Great Pan Died. In a chapter titled "The Whole of Church History is Nothing but a Retroactive Fabrication", he said this (in part): "The Church ante-dated all her late works, some newly made, some revised and some counterfeited, which contained the final expression of her history ... her technique was to make it appear that much later works written by Church writers were composed a long time earlier, so that they might become evidence of the first second or third centuries." (How The Great Pan Died, op. cit., p. 46) Supporting Professor Bordeaux's findings is the fact that, in 1587, Pope Sixtus V (1585–90) established an official Vatican publishing division and said in his own words, "Church history will be now be established ... we shall seek to print our own account" ( E n c y c l o p é d i e, Diderot, 1759). Vatican records also reveal that Sixtus V spent 18 months of his life as pope personally writing a new Bible and then introduced into Catholicism a "New Learning" (Catholic Encyclopedia, Farley ed., vol. v, p. 442, vol. xv, p. 376). The evidence that the Church wrote its own history is found in Diderot's E n c y c l o p é d i e, and it reveals the reason why Pope Clement XIII (1758–69) ordered all volumes to be destroyed immediately after publication in 1759.

Tony Bushby, an article from “NEXUS Magazine”, vol. 14, No. 4 (June/July, 2007), pp. 58-59.

Take care, and Salam,
Ahmed (Poland, Warsaw)

From what I understand, the "King of kings" as mentioned in 1 Timothy 6:13-15 is God "the father" but the same term is apparently used for Jesus (in Revelations 19:13-16)

As-Salam Aleikum wa rahmatullahi wa baraketuh,

Dear brother AhmadFarooq, the passage of Revelations 19:11-16 does not refers to Jesus (pbuh), but rather to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Yes, he is described in a specific way indeed, but according to my research this is the same figure mentioned in Isaiah 49:2 identified as the Servant of God. The fact of using these untypical phrases alone indicates that it is about the same person. In my detailed work concerning the prophecies about the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the Bible, I'am proving that this Servant of God [Isaiah 42; Isaiah 53 etc.] is none other than Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).

I will insha'Allah respond on this article, when I get a free time.

Take care, and Salam
Ahmed (Poland, Warsaw)